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Encyclopedia of Fasteners & Hardware Items
Courtesy of FastenerMart.com
— NUTS —
Cap Nuts
Also Called: Acorn Nuts, Cap Hex Nuts
 Cap Nuts offer protection from sharp burrs and give a "finished" appearance by covering exposed threads.
Castle Nuts
Also Called: Slotted Nuts
 Castle Nuts are used with bolts or studs that have a hole drilled in their threaded section. Once the nut is installed, a cotter pin or safety wire is inserted through opposing slots in the nut and the bolt's hole to prevent the nut from loosening. Slotted Nuts have a flat top; Castle Nuts have a higher profile because of their slotted cylindrical top.
Coupling Nuts
Also Called: Extension Nuts, Rod Coupling Nuts, Spacers
 Fully threaded Coupling Nuts are used with hanger screws, threaded rod and threaded studs. Use to extend length, in spacing applications or as leveling feet.
Finished Nuts
Also Called: Hex Nuts, Hex Finished Nuts, Hex Full Nuts
 Finished Nuts are general purpose hex nuts. They are most often found in sizes of 1/4" or larger.
Flange Lock Nuts
Also Called: Flange Lock Nuts, Stover Lock Nuts
 Flange Lock Nuts are one piece, all metal prevailing torque hex lock nuts. They are reusable and can withstand high temperatures, shock and vibration. A protruding circular flange at the bottom of the nut provides a large bearing surface.
Flexloc Lock Nuts
Also Called: Flex Top Lock Nuts
 Manufactured by SPS Technologies, Flexloc nuts are one-piece, all-metal, reusable, prevailing torque lock nuts that can withstand high temperatures, vibration and shock. Because a nylon insert isn't used, these nuts offer better tensile strength and can be used in elevated temperature applications. A slotted section expands to lock the nut in place without seating and without thread galling. To install, start on the threaded member like a regular nut, then tighten with a wrench.
Full Height Heavy Hex Flexlocs are heavy-duty nuts that offer maximum strength. Full Height Light Hex should be used when additional wrench clearance and lighter weight are needed. Thin Height (Jam) Heavy Hex and Light Hex offer exceptional strength in low-height nuts that weigh 20% less and are 30% lower in height.
Heavy Nuts
Also Called: Hex Heavy Thick Nuts
 Compared to standard nuts, Heavy Nuts offer added strength from increased thread engagement, which is due to their thickness. The bearing surface is larger because they are extra wide.
Hex (Full) Nuts
Also Called: Hex Nuts, Hex Finished Nuts, Hex Full Nuts
 Finished Nuts are general purpose hex nuts. They are most often found in sizes of 1/4" or larger.
High Nuts
Also Called: Tall Nuts
 High Nuts are "high," as you would probably expect. Their extra height allows for more threads inside the nut, and that provides added strength.
Jam Nuts
Also Called: Half Height Nuts, Hex Thin Jam Nuts
 Thinner than "regular" hex nuts, Jam Nuts derive their name from being "jammed" against another nut to prevent it from coming loose. When the word "heavy" appears in the description, they offer the same width (and bearing surface) as heavy hex nuts, but are shorter in height. To lock regular nuts, install Jam Nuts first so the regular nut will be on the outside and thus carry the full bolt load.
Keps Lock Nuts
Also Called: K-Lock Nuts
 Keps Lock Nuts are machine screw hex nuts with pre-assembled external tooth lock washers. The tooth lock washer, which turns freely, bites into the surface it contacts to resist loosening.
Left Hand Threaded Nuts
Also Called: Reverse Threaded Nuts
 These hex nuts are left hand threaded making them opposite from "standard" hex nuts, which are right hand threaded. Turn them counterclockwise--instead of clockwise--to install and tighten. Often abbreviated "LH," use Left Hand Threaded Nuts with left hand threaded bolts, screws, and rod stock.
Machine Screw Hex Nuts
 Machine Screw Hex Nuts range in size from 0 to 14, are even available in 1/4", 5/16" and 3/8", and are commonly used with machine screws. They have flat tops and bottoms with beveled (chamfered) edges.
Nylon Insert Lock Nuts
Also Called: ESNA Lock Nuts
 Nylon Insert Lock Nuts have a captive undersized nylon washer that creates friction with the mating threads to prevent loosening. They are temperature limited and may not be used with certain chemicals, but because the nylon washer element tightly conforms to the mating threads, it provides an effective seal. Nylon Insert Lock Nuts are reusable.
Palnuts
Also Called: Hex Lock Speed Nuts, Self Threading Nuts, Speed Flange Nuts
  These reusable nuts are made using very thin metal so they only have one thread. A machine screw hex nut, in contrast, may have 2, 3 or more threads. Consequently, use Palnuts in light duty applications only.
Prevailing Torque Lock Nuts
Also Called: All Steel Lock Nuts
 Prevailing Torque Lock Nuts use a form of interference to create friction with the mating threads. That friction resists loosening caused by shock, vibration and other dynamic forces. All Metal Prevailing Torque Lock Nuts do not have the temperature or chemical limitations like Nylon Insert Lock Nuts.
Serrated Flange Lock Nuts
Also Called: Hex Serrated Flange Nuts, Whiz Locks
 A serrated flange is what gives Flange Lock Nuts their superior gripping properties and, for this reason, no lock washers are needed. The flange creates a large bearing surface offering better distribution of the load, and less torque is needed to install than remove because of the serrations. Oversized and irregular holes can be covered by the flange of these reusable nuts.
Slip-On Lock Nuts
 The patented Slip-On Lock Nut is an assembly that consists of two hex nuts, with one side removed from each to form the slot. The permanently joined nuts individually rotate to create a compression-type locking action. To install, open the assembly by twisting the nuts until their slots align, slip onto the bolt or threaded rod, twist closed then wrench tighten. Because Slip-On Lock Nuts are not threaded on, you do not need bolt/rod end access and can bypass damaged threads. Use when adjustments and stops require quick and easy changes, and to replace Jam Nuts in high vibration applications.
Slotted Nuts
Also Called: Castle Nuts
 Slotted Nuts are used with bolts or studs that have a hole drilled in their threaded section. Once the nut is installed, a cotter pin or safety wire is inserted through opposing slots in the nut and the bolt's hole to prevent the nut from loosening. Slotted Nuts have a flat top; Castle Nuts have a higher profile because of their slotted cylindrical top.
Square Nuts
  The large surface area on the flats of these nuts reduces the chance of wrench slippage. Machine Screw Square Nuts have flat tops and bottoms; Regular Square Nuts have a flat bottom and a crowned top.
Stover Lock Nuts
Also Called: Stover Lock Nuts, Automation Lock Nuts, Autolock Nuts, Crownlock Nuts, Unitorque Nuts
 Stover Lock Nuts are one piece, all metal prevailing torque hex lock nuts. They are reusable and can withstand high temperatures, shock and vibration.
Tee Nuts
 When you need to add machine screw threads to wood, use Tee Nuts. Simply drill a hole through the wood that is slightly larger than the diameter of the threaded barrel, then hammer the Tee Nut into position. The prongs help hold the nut in place and prevent it from rotating as the screw is tightened.
Thick Nuts
 Thick Nuts are, as their name implies, "thick." They offer added strength because of their increased thread engagement.
Two Way Lock Nuts
Also Called: Centerlock Lock Nuts, Bi-Way Lock Nuts, Reversible Lock Nuts
 Side indentations in Two Way Lock Nuts slightly distort their center threads to create a locking action when the distorted threads engage the threads of the mating part. An inexpensive, prevailing torque type of hex lock nut, assembly costs are reduced because the top and bottom of the nut are the same.
Wing Nuts
 Their name alone accurately describes these nuts--Wing Nuts are nuts with wings. The wings allow you to tighten and loosen the nut using your fingers, making them similar to Thumb Screws. They're ideal in situations requiring frequent adjustment or disassembly. Stamped Wing Nuts are considered light duty. One-piece Washer Based Wing Nuts, also known as Wing Flange Nuts, have a large flange base that provides an increased bearing surface, and their zinc alloy composition make them stronger than zinc plated steel.
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